Over the years, BMW has introduced numerous models, naming strategies, and trim levels, leading to some confusion, even among passionate fans. Here’s a detailed look at the evolution of BMW’s naming conventions throughout its history.
Traditional BMW Naming Systems
To begin, early BMW naming conventions were quite perplexing. The company’s first model was the BMW 3/15 PS, where “PS” represented the German term for “horsepower” and the number 3 indicated the amount of horsepower that was taxable. In subsequent decades, BMW adopted various naming techniques, including some models with distinct names, such as the BMW Isetta, released in 1962. From the Neue Klasse series onward, BMW began using engine displacement as a naming criteria, exemplified by the 2002, which had a 2.0-liter engine. The “02” suffix denoted the number of doors, meaning four-door variants typically had a “00” ending.
In the 1970s, BMW’s naming system started to align more closely with today’s conventions. The 520i marked the first model to adopt a simpler badge format that included the series followed by engine displacement, a formula that many recognize today. This era also saw the emergence of the sporty designations such as CS (Coupe Sport) and CSL (Coupe Sport Lightweight).
Contemporary BMW Naming Systems
The 520i introduced new model number distinctions. The transition to the 5 Series, followed by the 3 Series in 1975, replaced the older Neue Klasse models and simplified the naming process. The first digit indicates the series of the car, which developed over time to range from the 1 Series to the 7 Series in ascending order of size and luxury. The second part denotes the engine displacement; for example, the original 520i came equipped with a 2.0-liter engine. Additionally, fuel type becomes part of the name.
Older BMW models might include the “e” designation, as seen in 325e. These “eta” engines were designed to optimize low-end torque, catering to American drivers familiar with powerful V8s. While they were fuel-injected, this differs from the “i” that appears in other models indicating fuel injection. Models with a “d” or “e” suffix indicate diesel and hybrid variants, respectively. Notably, naming conventions evolved with the introduction of turbocharging, new models, and the launch of BMW’s SUVs.
BMW categorized its SUV lineup as the X Series, likely to maintain consistency with the established xDrive all-wheel drive terminology. Their naming strategy followed a similar logic to other models, using a range from one to seven to indicate the size and luxury level. Trim designations, such as xDrive30i, communicate drivetrain configuration and engine size.
As part of their evolution, BMW also incorporated various body styles. The ti/tii models were named for Turismo Internazionale and Turismo Internationale Iniezione, translating to Touring International and Touring International Injection in Italian and have been seen in models from the 2002 to the E36 compact and later iterations. Similarly, the introduction of Gran Turismo (GT) models bridged the gap between sedans and wagons. Long wheelbase models, designated as L, catered to customers preferring a chauffeured experience.
BMW M Models and Their Naming Patterns
The inaugural BMW M badge was seen on the M1. However, it wasn’t until the launch of the BMW M535i in 1979 that BMW Motorsport began producing cars for series production. This was soon followed by the famed BMW M5 and BMW M3, which continued the naming patterns established for non-M variants. Subsequent generations also introduced models like the GTS (Grand Touring Sport) and redefined meanings for CS, which now stands for Competition Sport rather than Coupe Sport. CSL has evolved to mean “Competition, Sport, Lightweight.”
BMW’s Future and EV Naming Trends
With the late 2000s ushering in a wave of turbocharged engines, BMW’s naming structure underwent considerable transformation. The last two digits no longer directly indicated engine size; for instance, models like the 335i, 530i, and M550i have little correlation to their actual engines. Also, supplementary M badges have begun to appear on high-performance trims of a variety of models, highlighting their enhanced sportiness.
The latest news from BMW is that the “i” designation for gasoline-powered vehicles will be phased out. The 1 Series will be the first to adopt this change, resulting in names such as BMW 120 and BMW M135. In contrast, models like the i4 and iX signify full electrification with their “i” prefix. Furthermore, the “e” designation now denotes hybrid models instead of the previous eta reference. A notable exception is the BMW i8, which is labeled as a hybrid. As the electric vehicle lineup expands, vehicles like the iX2 and iX3 will emerge, already available in select markets.
The Meaning Behind Names
While this overview highlights many of BMW’s most recognized names, it’s important to note that several models may not fit neatly within this timeline. For example, the CSi suffix appeared after the Neue Klasse era, signifying Coupe Sport Injection. The extremely rare M3 CRT featured Carbon Racing Technology, an abbreviation not seen elsewhere. Other designations like Ci and iS have also been phased out; Ci referred to a coupe or convertible, while iS indicated Sport-Package coupe models. Additionally, the Z Series consists of two-seater coupes and convertibles introduced in the 1990s, continuing to this day.
BMW’s naming abbreviations are diverse and, at times, inconsistent. This guide aims to clarify the complexities surrounding BMW’s nomenclature.
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